Page 1 PROPOSAL FOR HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS ST ScI Use Only ID 3790c Report Date: 09-May-96:18:50 Version: ********** Check-in Date: ********** 1.Proposal Title: POLARIZATION IMAGING OF RADIO GALAXIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Category 3. Proposal For 4. Proposal Type 5. Continuation ID QUASARS & AGN GO Sub Category RADIO GALAXIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Principal Investigator Institution Country Telephone Robert R Antonucci UNIV. OF CAL., SANTA BARBARA USA 805-893-4350 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Abstract Spectropolarimetry of the narrow line radio galaxy 3C234 was used to show in 1982 that there is a hidden broad line region occulted by an opaque torus oriented perpendicular to the radio structure axis. Given the luminosity of the reflected light, it follows that 3C234 would be called a quasar if its orientation with respect to the line of sight were different. Since then similar results were found for five Seyfert 2's. If many NLRG's are occulted quasars in the sky plane, several statistical anomalies in the beam model for superluminal motion are understandable. However, further optical spectropolarimetry has been disappointing in this regard, at least partially because of severe dilution of reflected light by starlight, sometimes polarized, from the host galaxies. We can solve this problem by observing in the UV. Furthermore, recent observations of two NLRGs have revealed OFF- NUCLEAR dust clouds reflecting and strongly "bluening" nuclear light in two NLRG's. Such dust clouds, abundant in the merger debris surrounding many luminous radio galaxies, should show up spectacularly in UV polarization images, providing information on the beam pattern and time history of nuclear emission. We request FOC polarization images of a sample of radio galaxies. We will also get for free and with high efficiency total flux images, suitable for studying the nuclei and the anomalous young stellar populations seen in merging radio galaxies from the ground. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Est obs time (hours) pri: 6.00 par: 0 10. Num targs pri: 6 par: 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Instruments requested: FOC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 2 I. GENERAL FORM Proposal 3790c PI: Robert R Antonucci Proposal Title: POLARIZATION IMAGING OF RADIO GALAXIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Proposers: Proposers Institution Country ESA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pi Robert R Antonucci UNIV. CALIF., SANTA BARBARA USA Ross D Cohen UNIV. OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA DIEGO USA Anne L Kinney SPACE TELESCOPE SCI. INST. USA Julian H Krolik JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV. USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Scientific Justification. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Description of proposed observations. For each object we will take the standard series of polarization images using F/96 and F320W, taking exposures with POL0, POL60, and POL120. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Justification of need for HST observations. We have carried out a very extensive ground based pro- gram of optical spectropolarimetry of radio galaxies. As discussed in the Sci. Just., these obsns are often thwarted by host galaxy light, often slightly polarized, in the optical. In the UV, the starlight contribution is down drastically. If hot stars are present in the UV, and polaried by dust transmission, in that wave- length range the ratio of reddening to interstellar poln is so high that they cannot contribute significantly in pol. flux. Also, ground-based obsns are limited severely by sky-subtraction systematics. Flatfielding the FOC is not a porblem since we use quotient images. (No room for elaboration here, as in Phase I original.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Description of special scheduling requirements. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Description of special calibration exposures. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Data reduction and analysis plans. Data to be reduced at STSCI using STSDAS/IRAF, and ana- lyzed at UCSB and Johns Hopkins. Reducing polarization imaging data is straightforward although complicated. We construct Stokes Q and U images with linear combinations of the data, and use them to make poln., pol. flux, and position angle images. Most likely, the off-nuclear poln. will be circumferential due to reflected nuclear light. The azimuthal dependence (radial average) will provide info. on the beam pattern, and the radial depen- (azimuthal ave.) will provide some info. on the time histroy of nuclear activity. Also in the UV the nuclear radiation will brightly illuminate the dust in any merger debris, which can then be analyzed morphologi- cally. The images will also be combined and deconvolved for total- flux images. The "featureless continuum" will be studied for spatial resolution (see Sci. Just), and the host galaxies (and off-nuclear "blue patches") and environments analyzed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. Additional comments or special requests. This section is lengthy and can be found in the Phase I submission. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. Description of previous HST work. Page 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Resources to be supplied by investigator's institution(s). One Sun workstation supplied by UCSB has STSDAS/IRAF installed. Krolik has a Sun 3 and a Sparc 2 for analy- sis and modeling. Cohen has adequate facilities at the UCSD Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences. It would be very desirable to involve one or more graduate student in this research if STScI funding is available. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Address Information Name: ROBERT R ANTONUCCI Category: PI Institution: UNIV. OF CAL., SANTA BARBARA Address: PHYSICS DEPT. City: SANTA BARBARA State: CA Zip Code: 93106 Country: USA Telephone: 805-893-4350 Telex (or e-mail): NONE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET LIST a) Fixed Targets ID = 3790c [ 4] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial |Acqui|FLX| Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. |Prblm|REF| | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PKS1345+12 E,315 RA = 13H 45M 6.29S +/- 1", 1950 Z = 1 U = 18.5 +/- 1.0 DEC = 12D 32' 19.6" +/- 1" 0.0595 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C109 E,315 RA = 4H 10M 54.82S +/- 1", 1950 Z = 1 U = 19.9 +/- 1.0 DEC = 11D 4' 41.2" +/- 1" 0.3056 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 3C225B E,315 RA = 9H 39M 32.2S +/- 1", 1950 Z = 1 U = 20 +/- 1 DEC = 13D 59' 34" +/- 1" 0.582 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 3C234 E,315 RA = 9H 58M 57.42S +/- 1", 1950 Z = 1 U = 18.6 +/- 1.0 DEC = 29D 1' 37.4" +/- 1.0" 0.1848 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 3C321 E,315 RA = 15H 29M 33.42S +/- 1", 1950 Z = 1 U = 18 +/- 1 DEC = 24D 14' 26.2" +/- 1" 0.096 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 3C405 CYG-A E,315 RA = 19H 57M 44.43S +/- 1", 1950 Z = 1 U = 19.5 +/- 1.0 DEC = 40D 35' 45.2" +/- 1" 0.0565 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 3790c [ 5] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 PKS1345+12 FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 CYCLE 2 / 1-18 4 POL0 30M SEQ 1-3 NO GAP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 PKS1345+12 FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 4 POL60 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 PKS1345+12 FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 4 POL120 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 3C109 FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 SEQ 4-6 NO GAP 4 POL0 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 3C109 FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 4 POL60 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 3C109 FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 4 POL120 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 3C225B FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 SEQ 7-9 NO GAP 4 POL0 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 3C225B FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 4 POL60 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 3C225B FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 4 POL120 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 3C234 FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 SEQ 10-12 NO GAP 4 POL0 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 3C234 FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 4 POL60 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 3C234 FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 4 POL120 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 3C321 FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 SEQ 13-15 NO GAP 4 POL0 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 3C321 FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 4 POL60 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 3C321 FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 4 POL120 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 3C405 FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 SEQ 16-18 NO GAP 4 POL0 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 3C405 FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 4 POL60 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EXPOSURE LOGSHEET ID = 3790c [ 6] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |10 | 11 | 12 |13 |14| 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Line | Seq | Target |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | S/N |Flx|Pr| Special Number | Name | Name |Config| Mode |or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| |Rel. Time|Ref| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 3C405 FOC/96 IMAGE 512X102 F320W, PIXEL=50X25 1 606S 50 1 1 4 POL120 30M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary Form for Proposal 3790c [ 7] Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations FOC/96 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters PIXEL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal for GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ S/C Hours 6.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Category QUASARS & AGN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scientific Sub-category RADIO GALAXIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements CYCLE 2 / 1-18; SEQ 1-3 NO GAP; SEQ 4-6 NO GAP; SEQ 7-9 NO GAP; SEQ 10-12 NO GAP; SEQ 13-15 NO GAP; SEQ 16-18 NO GAP; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F320W,POL0 F320W,POL60 F320W,POL120 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names PKS1345+12 3C109 3C225B 3C234 3C321 3C405 CYG-A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------